Market Failures in Real-Time Metering

Policies to promote real-time metering (RTM) require more than showing benefits from more timely responses to variations in cost. They require positive externalities to imply that too few meters would be installed through private transactions. RTM presents no systematic externalities when utilities must serve peak period users, and may present negative externalities under some conditions. Positive externalities are likely when electricity is rationed through blackouts. RTM may or may not increase welfare when peak period wholesale markets are not competitive; a prohibition on RTM might be appropriate in such situations even if metering itself were costless.     

Research notes and communications corporate restructuring and strategic change: The effect on diversification strategy and R & D intensity

In the 1980s a number of large corporations restructured their diversified businesses through divestitures. It is hypothesized that restructuring activity focused on firms at intermediate levels of diversification (e.g., related-linked) which have a mixture of related and unrelated business units. Results confirm this hypothesis which explains that such mixed corporate strategies create organizational and control inefficiencies in managing both related and unrelated types of business units. Restructured firms were also found to move towards two types of different internal capital markets (related and unrelated). Most restructuring firms moved toward lower levels of diversification (e.g., related-constrained), although some moved toward higher levels of diversification (e.g., unrelated business). Also, this study finds restructuring firms that changed their corporate strategy by reducing diversified scope increased their R&D intensity. Firms that restructured and increased their diversified scope decreased R&D intensity. This result suggested a partial substitution between diversification and R&D activity.     

论市场经济中的艺术收藏

在我国上市公司的重组与并购活动中 ,地方政府一直扮演着一个非常重要的角色 ,这是有其深刻的经济和历史原因的 ,本文就上述问题进行简单的介绍和分析。     

京津冀一体化与河北省经济跨越式战略选择

区域经济一体化正在经济发展中扮演着日益重要的角色。河北经济发展必须借助京津冀一体化的力量，加快经济结构的调整，研究加强区域经济合作的战略举措，在提升京津冀整体实力的同时，带动河北经济的发展。     

我国地区产业结构调整及其效益分析

改革开放以来,我国四大地带产业结构的变动趋势大致相同,但东部各产业的劳动生产率和对经济增长的促进作用要明显优于中、西部和东北.目前四大地带产业排序已由二一三转变为二三一,接下来应促使第一产业的发展与农产品加工工业的发展相互适应,才能使区域的经济增长达到最佳效益.同时,鉴于各地带二、三产业对经济增长促进作用的大小同各产业从业人员的劳动生产率成正比,地区产业结构的调整还应注意劳动生产率的提高.     

三洋电机公司重构案例--全球化进程中的重构

本文主要以定期的报告(如年报)、公开发表文章、公司手册等提供的事实、资料为依据,以公司重构理论为指导设计调研提纲对三洋电机进行案例研究。试图分析作为日本跨国公司的三洋电机围绕选择与集中、发掘新领域而进行全球业务调整、组织紧缩、财务重构的特点。     

中国大城市空间的"多中心"重组

从介绍国际大城市在构建"多中心"空间结构方面的经验入手,对国际大城市的经验教训进行总结,并在借鉴国际经验的基础上,结合中国"多中心"空间结构成长的复杂环境,提出中国大城市进行"多中心"空间重组的五大规划策略.     

Two-settlement Systems for Electricity Markets under Network Uncertainty and Market Power

We analyze welfare and distributional properties of a two-settlement system consisting of a spot market over a two-node network and a single energy forward contract. We formulate and analyze several models which simulate joint dispatch of energy and transmission resources coordinated by a system operator. The spot market is subject to network uncertainty, which we model as a random capacity derating of an important transmission line. Using a duopoly model, we show that even for small probabilities of congestion (derating), forward trading may be substantially reduced, and the market power mitigating effect of forward markets (as shown in Allaz and Vila 1993) may be nullified to a great extent. There is a spot transmission charge reflecting transportation costs from location of generation to a designated hub whose price is the underlying for the forward contract. This alleviates some of the incentive problems associated with the forward market in which spot-market trading is residual. We find that the reduction in forward trading is due to the segregation of the markets in the constrained state, and the absence of natural incentives for generators to commit to more aggressive behavior in the spot market (the strategic substitutes effect). In our analysis, we find that the standard assumption of no-arbitrage across forward and spot markets leads to very little contract coverage, even for the case with no congestion. We present an alternative view of the market where limited intertemporal arbitrage enables temporal price discrimination by competing duopolists. In this framework, we assume that all of the demand shows up in the forward market (or that the market is cleared against an accurate forecast of the demand), and the forward price is determined using a market clearing condition.     

我国钢铁工业的结构调整与增长方式转变

钢铁工业在我国国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。为了找出今后我国钢铁工业结构调整与增长方式转变的方向，本文通过历史研究和比较研究的方法，对“十五”期间我国钢铁工业的发展进行了回顾。结果表明，我国钢铁工业同国际先进水平还有很大差距。为了顺利实现“十一五”发展纲要的战略任务，需要建立我国钢铁工业发展的循环经济。最后，本文对我国钢铁工业发展循环经济提出了几点建议。     

逐步剥离:我国铁路重组合理组织边界的初步探讨

引入竞争、提高效率是我国铁路重组改革的重要目标指向，因此组织边界的确定以及与之相配套的竞争激励措施已成为重组模式选择的关键议题。本文以自然垄断和交易成本理论为指导，以竞争激励促进企业运行效率为依据，通过对世界各国多种重组模式的垄断与竞争格局进行比较分析，提出了用逐步剥离的方式逼近我国铁路重组合理组织边界的改革思路。